Look at the image on the left. It shows the electron configuration of 5 atoms. Answer the following questions relating to these 5 atoms.

What is the charge that attracts the valence electron(purple) of atom "A" into the nucleus? A charge of 1+
What is the charge that attracts the valence electron(purple) of atom "C" into the nucleus? A charge of 1+. The ten electrons between the valence electron and the nucleus mask the effect of ten protons.
What is the charge that attracts the valence electron(purple) of atom "D" into the nucleus? A charge of 7+. The two electrons between the valence electrons and the nucleus mask the effect of two protons.
Compare atoms "B" and "C". Which atom has the greatest attraction for its valence(purple) electron? Explain. Atom "B" has. Both atoms attract their valence electron with a charge of 1+ but the electrostatic attraction of atom "B" operates over a smaller distance.
Compare atoms "E" and "C". Which atom has the greatest attraction for its valence(purple) electron? Explain. Atom "E" has. Both atoms attract their valence electrons over the same distance, but the charge with which atom "E" attracts its valence electron is 3+ as compared to 1+ of atom"C"
Compare atoms "A" and "E". Which atom has the greatest attraction for its valence(purple) electron? Explain. Atom "A" will have the greatest attraction for its valence electron. Although the charge that attracts A's valence electron is 1+ as compared to 3+ of "E", the distance in which electrostatic forces operate are significantly smaller in "A" than in "E".