The concentrations of reactants and products were studied for the following reaction.
H₂(g) + F₂(g) <=> 2HF(g) ; K = 313 at 25°C
In an experiment, the initial concentrations of the gases were
[H₂] = 0.0200 M, [F₂] = 0.0100 M and [HF] = 0.400 M
When the reaction reaches equilibrium at 25°C, the concentration of HF will be
A. 0.400 M
B. 0.420 M
C. between 0.400 M and 0.420 M
D. less than 0.400 M

Solution

The anaesthetic, nitrous oxide,N₂O, decomposes to form an equilibrium mixture of N₂O, N₂ and O₂ according to the following equation.
2N₂O(g) <=>2N₂(g) + O₂(g)
At 25°C, K = 7.3 × 10³⁷ M and at 40°C, K = 2.7 × 10³⁶ M
What valid conclusion can be made from this?
A. The equilibrium concentrations of N₂ and O₂ are equal at 25°C.
B. The equilibrium concentration of N₂O is higher at 25°C than at 40°C.
C. N₂O is less stable at the higher temperature.
D. The forward reaction is exothermic.

Solution

Write an equation for the equilibrium reaction of ammonium ions with water.

Solution

While keeping the temperature constant, the chemist makes a change to a solution of ammonium ions in water that is initially at equilibrium. The graph on the right shows the effect of this change, which was made at time t₂, on the rates of the forward and back reactions.

What could have caused the change that occurred at time t₂? Explain why the rate of the back reaction is affected by this change.

Solution

Would the value of the equilibrium constant at time t₃ be less than, equal to or greater than the value of the equilibrium constant at time t₁? Select the correct response.
less than equal to greater than

Solution

Dimethyl ether, CH₃OCH₃, is used as an environmentally friendly propellant in spray cans. It can be synthesised from methanol according to the following equation.
2CH₃OH(g) <=>CH₃OCH₃(g) + H₂O(g); /\H = –24 kJ mol–1
The equilibrium constant, K, for this reaction at 350°C is 5.74.
a. Write an expression for K for this reaction.

Solution
b. Calculate the value of K at 350°C for the following reaction.
CH₃OCH₃(g) + H₂O(g) <=> 2CH₃OH(g)

Solution

c. Methanol is pumped into an empty 20.0 L reactor vessel. At equilibrium the vessel contains 0.340 mol of methanol at 350°C.
i. Calculate the concentration, in mol L⁻¹, of methanol at equilibrium.
Solution
ii. Calculate the amount, in mol, of dimethyl ether present at equilibrium.
Solution
iii. Calculate the amount, in mol, of methanol initially pumped into the reaction vessel.
Solution

A particular industrial process involves the steps shown on the right. It is possible to alter the temperature and pressure at which reaction 2 occurs.
In the table below, indicate what effect the following changes to temperature and pressure would have on the rate, equilibrium yield and value of the equilibrium constant, K, for reaction 2.

Solution