Stable structures

Have you noticed how some shapes are easier to topple over than others? Look at the tower on the right. This structure is very stable indeed. It has a low centre of gravity and a wide base of support. A great deal of energy must be supplied to topple the structure.
Consider the solid objects shown below? Which one do you think is the most resistant to toppling over? Solution

A person standing with their back up against the wall can not bend over without falling? Why?

Solution

Why can a person standing alone bend over without falling?

Solution

Double decker trams are common in some parts of the world. They travel around corners at great speeds but do not topple. They are just as stable as normal trams. Why?
Solution

What happens to the stability of the tram if all passengers were advised to fill the top level first before sitting in the bottom level?
Solution

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