Pulley systems.

The more pulleys we have the easier it is to lift heavy objects. As rope is pulled from the top pulley wheel, the load and the bottom pulley wheel are lifted. If 2 metres of rope are pulled through the bucket (load) will only rise 1 metre (there are two ropes holding the bucket and both have to shorten).

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For every metre the rope is pulled the bucket is lifted 0.5 metres. The load is lifted up slowly as both ropes supporting the bucket must shorten.